In September, I had the opportunity to spend a couple hours with Dr. Barbara Flores, an English Language Learner guru from California, who has been working with Salem-Keizer to develop a model of literacy instruction for our ELL students.  She had a lot to say, and I was able to take away 3 ideas that have impacted the way I teach all my students, not just ELLs.   

Writing must be authentic and meaningful

Our 4th grade teacher spends nearly an hour with students each day working through the writing process.  On a full week, that is about 5 hours a week.  With that much time, she might be able to introduce a new writing technique using a mentor text, demonstrate that technique, provide group practice, and assign an independent task that incorporates the technique.

This is meaningful and authentic.  In one week the can build background knowledge, provide multiple examples, scaffold instruction, and gradually release responsibility onto the students.  Students become so familiar with the techniques, students who need additional support are required to talk with a peer before asking the teacher for help.

In my setup, I see students for writing 1-2 hours a week (on average, but differs for individual student needs).  Especially for older students, it does not seem like enough time to build the background knowledge and provide the scaffolding of the 4th grade teacher.  I would become frustrated after giving a choice of writing prompts, and students would say, “I don’t know what to write about.”

In comes Dr. Flores.  “Students cannot write what is not authentic or meaningful.”  I already knew I needed to make some changes, but this helped push me to providing writing instruction and support in the Gen. Ed. classrooms for 3rd and 4th graders.  Instead of trying to build my own, separate lessons, I can work with the students where meaning has already been built.

I would say it has been a success.  The teacher likes it because I can provide support to the students who need it most, freeing her up to support others.  My students like it because they get to work on (and eventually finish!) the assignment their peers are working on.  Other students like it because there is another teacher available to help them. I like it because my students are writing something that is meaningful.  There is also the bonus that I get to know students who are not on my caseload.

Mini-Shared Teacher-led Reading Groups

Dr. Flores introduced this Mini Shared lesson plan and I immediately began using it during reading groups in the LRC.  It provides students multiple opportunities to discuss, hear, then echo the words of a story before being expected to read it independently.  Obviously it was developed for ELLs, but I find that it works great with my struggling readers, the almost-non-reader, who benefits from the multiple exposures to the text before trying to read it.  You can find demonstrations of Mini Shared lessons on the Salem-Keizer website by searching “mini shared” or by clicking here.

“You cannot write what is not organized.”

If you substitute “learn” for “write,” the new sentence is “You cannot learn what is not organized.”  This rang especially true after my principal began asking teachers to post learning targets in the classroom.

Although it is hard to write learning targets for multiple groups in multiple subjects at multiple grade levels, I can see how learning targets help students organize what they are learning.  The more clear I can be about the target of the learning for the day, the better the students will learn because I organized it for them.

 

As part of my journey towards an ESOL Endorsement, I’m currently enrolled in ED 692, Classroom Strategies in First and Second Language. One of the textbooks we are using is Balancing Reading and Language Learning, by Mary Cappellini. Much like my reviews of the Project GLAD strategies, I find I learn better by re-processing the information, especially through writing. So this post is a reflection I wrote while reading Chapter 14, which is about individual instruction.

Individual Instruction Reflection

“Another form of extra reading practice that is very helpful for ELLs is buddy reading.” (page 247)

  • This is a strategy that I recommend to teachers for many of my students who come to the LRC for reading services. Students who struggle to read often do not like to read, so during independent reading they may engage in off-task behaviors or simply pretend to read. If that reader has a buddy with them, the buddy may hold them accountable by modeling their own enjoyment of reading. If my ELLs can feel more confident reading with someone than reading alone, why not?

“English language learners need the opportunity to hear well-read stories from as many sources as possible.” (page 248″

  • It is great when I hear about something I am already doing in my classroom is actually good practice! This year I was fortunate to get an iPod touch for my classroom through Donors Choose to create a listening center with 21st century technology (as opposed to the tape player that was in my room before). I uploaded books and other texts (some in Spanish or French!) for students to listen too. Like the text says, read-alongs can help improve students’ fluency and help ELLs by modeling English reading. My favorite part is that many of the texts have a strong vocabulary component which is especially beneficial for ELLs.

“Reader’s theater is an enjoyable way to explore literature and practice talk and reading.” (page 250)

  • Reader’s theater sounds like a really fun way to engage with a text, but I simply do not have enough time to do this with my intervention-based groups. I would like to find ways to make sure my students participate in these though. Next year I could try to talk with teachers and find out when a reader’s theater is coming up so I could work with that student, or students, to become more familiar and fluent with the text. Hopefully this will help by make them more confident going into the presentation.

“A one-on-one conference can be powerful for both the child and the teacher.” (page 250)

  • As I reflect on my 1st year teaching in an LRC, one thing that consistently comes up is thinking about finding ways to support my students in their homeroom, instead of always pulling them out for small groups. A reading and/or writing conference is one way I might be able to do that. There is a Reading Conference Sheet on page 251, if teachers in my building use something similar, it would be easy for me or my instructional assistant to drop in and help the teacher meet with more students. If I was able to meet with a few of my students once a week or so, it would provide both me and the teacher with important information about how the student is doing, which gives the teacher can use to inform future instruction. The other nice thing for me is that I would have a better idea of what classroom teachers are teaching, and I could align my instruction up with theirs.
  • Page 256 talks about using reading conferences as private lessons with ELLs, during one conference with a student the author spent 20 minutes reading a Magic Tree House book with one student who was struggling with it, but pushing themselves to read a chapter book. 20 minutes is a long time, and not often will a teacher have the opportunity to do this. This is one way I see myself being able to support teachers, because I could spend a longer time with of my my students, and really give them the individual support and encouragement they might need to continue on with a tough book.

Cappellini, Mary (2005) Balancing Reading and Language Learning: A Resource for Teaching Language Learners, K-5. Portland, Maine: Stenhouse Publishers.

 

As part of my journey towards an ESOL Endorsement, I’m currently enrolled in ED 692, Classroom Strategies in First and Second Language. One of the textbooks we are using is Balancing Reading and Language Learning, by Mary Cappellini. Much like my reviews of the Project GLAD strategies, I find I learn better by re-processing the information, especially through writing. So this post is a reflection I wrote while reading Chapter 9, which is about guided reading.

Feel free to respond to anything you read, it will only help deepen my understanding.

Guided Reading Reflection

How many of our students read a text without stopping to see if what they read makes sense?” (page 152)

  • I see this with my students, students with disabilities, frequently. Students with ADHD may lack the discipline/impulse control to stop and think about the text. Students with learning disabilities are trying so hard just to decode the sentence, they have no “brain power” left to comprehend what they reading.

Guided reading “is also a time when higher-level strategies are used.” (page 152)

  • I have such a short time with my students (usually 30 minutes a day, 3-4 times a week), it is a hard to decide where to spend time, on learning how to read (decode, blend, etc)? Or on how to read effectively (reread, ask questions, etc)? With my younger students, K-3, I lean towards learning how to read. With 4th and 5th graders, I spend more time teaching how to read effectively.

While assessing students and planning for their instruction, we should note whether they are tapping into the three cueing systems to sustain meaning as they read: the sematic (“Does it make sense?”), the syntactic (“Does it sound right?”), and the graphophonic (“Does it look right?”).” (page 154)

  • I absolutely love the idea of the three cueing systems. It reminds me of Project GLAD training when the demonstrators talked about how teachers typically only ask a student “Are you right?” when they notice the student has made a mistake and needs to rethink it. Instead, they encouraged teachers to ask that question of students on a regular basis, whether or not they are correct, then ask “How do you know?” The GLAD strategy and the three cues provide opportunities to help students develop critical thinking skills that will help them become self-learners. Page 155 demonstrates how it can be even more difficult for ELLs to use the curing systems and therefore, how important it is for teachers to provide support. Page 162 of the Cappellini has ideas for developing semantics, syntax, and graphophonics.

Often the type of book we choose will have a huge effect on a child’s ability to progress in reading.” (page 155)

  • I hear/read about the importance of choosing books for students frequently, and it is a source of frustration because this is one area I have a long way to go. I chalk some of it up to being a new teacher and some more up to teaching all grade levels, there are a lot of books out there. But right now, I just haven’t read enough of kid literature. It is something I need to work on.

ELLs “need to read as much and as widely as possible to learn new vocabulary.” (page 160)

  • A big part of my job as an elementary special education teacher, is giving specially designed instruction to students with disabilities that cause reading difficulties for them. It is a daunting task to help these students, when first grade reading skills have been shown to be a strong predictor of 11th grade reading levels. Students who struggle to read tend to read less than strong readers, which perpetuates their struggles. I have toyed with the idea of creating an incentive system for my students to encourage them to read more. Is it too much to ask my students to go home and read more (on top of what their classroom teacher requires)? It wouldn’t be a requirement, but for those motivated students who are willing to “do work.” I’d love to provide that extra nudge that might help close the reading gap between struggling readers and their peers.

Cappellini, Mary (2005) Balancing Reading and Language Learning: A Resource for Teaching Language Learners, K-5. Portland, Maine: Stenhouse Publishers.

 

As I’ve said before, I am a elementary special education teacher. And you also know that throughout this school year, I have been taking courses through Western Oregon University towards my ESOL endorsement.

Most of the reading and in-class discussions have been geared towards general educators, so I am constantly trying to think of ways I will use what I am learning in my setting. In the Learning Resource Center (LRC), students come into my room for about 30 minutes of specially designed instruction in reading, writing, or math (some students come for all of those services) 3-4 days a week.

In a recent assignment we wrote an ESOL lesson plan a lesson plan with both content and language goals. This was a chance for me to adapt the curriculum in my classroom, focusMATH Intensive Intervention, to improve a 5th grade lesson on fractions by purposefully including opportunities for students to develop language and the always-critical math vocabulary. Here is the link to my ESOL fractions lesson plan, let me know what you think.

Although it was a time-intensive process, I will be more prepared when I teach this lesson next year. Not only will I be able to teach a math skill, but I will also be able to help my students, English Language Learners and or not, develop the language and math vocabulary that will help them be successful when they return to their general education classroom.

 

Larry Ferlazzo is a teacher in California, he currently teaches “Beginner, Intermediate, and Advanced English Language Learners.” He has more than one site, but there are 2 in particular that I’d like to highlight in today’s post. (If you prefer watching over reading, look at video below for a visual review of the sites.)

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First, Websites of the Day, his blog where he posts multiple times a day sharing resources geared towards teaching ELLs (but also simply related to education in general). Because he posts so frequently, it would be hard to keep up with the posts by checking his site everyday. I recommend subscribing to the feed using google reader, which allows you to browse through a large number of posts quickly.

Next is his website, http://larryferlazzo.com/. This is where you will find the most information for teaching ELLs. On the homepage he says, “The best way to start exploring this site is by first clicking on English.” So, I did. The following page had a number of links, Intermediate & Advanced caught my eye so I clicked it, then I was immediately overwhelmed by the amount of information on the next page. There are seemingly hundreds of links, organized by category.

While I didn’t take the time to look at each and every link, it is obvious there is a wealth of information available through Larry Ferlazzo’s sites that you might find useful in teaching ELLs. And on his Contact Me page, he invites you to email him, comment on his blog, or use the provided contact form to get in touch with him. I get the feeling he would be happy to help anyone if you asked him a specific question.

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